Scientists have constructed the first complete proton energy spectrum observed during an eruptive solar event in Martian space, deepening our understanding of the radiation environment around Mars.
(a) IGRF model magnetic field intensity of 2024-01in the SAA. (b) CSES/HEPP-L measured 2–10 MeV proton fluxes difference (2024-01 minus 2019-01) in the SAA region. (c) NOAA/MEPED p5-90 measured ...