The vacuolar (V-)ATPases are ATP-driven proton pumps that function to acidify intracellular compartments and transport protons across the plasma membrane. They function in various normal and disease ...
The electron transport chain (ETC) is crucial for life, as it is essential for cellular ATP production. Most ETC enzymes are large multi-subunit protein assemblies. Of these, complex I is the largest ...
The gastric proton pump plays a central role in regulating stomach acidity, enabling both efficient digestion and protection against ingested pathogens. This membrane-embedded enzyme, also known as ...