There’s a reason elite runners flock to towns such as Park City, Utah (altitude 6,936 feet above sea level), Flagstaff, Arizona (6,821 feet above sea level), and Mammoth Lakes (7,881 feet above sea ...

It seems like a simple-enough concept: Train where there’s less oxygen, force your body to adapt, and come back down to low altitude to race fitter and faster. Indeed, the allure of altitude training ...

Human athletes have long utilized training at high altitudes to improve their oxygen-carrying capacity, so it should come as no surprise that trainers of equine athletes have tried similar methods.

The Estadio BBVA in Monterrey is actually closer to sea level than the two other Mexican host cities Julio Cesar Aguilar/AFP via Getty Images It was 1969 and Joao Saldanha was on the search.