Abstract: This paper presents the design and simulation of a telescopic operational amplifier (op-amp) using UMC 180 nm technology for a supply voltage of 1.8 V. A key focus of the design was to ...
Abstract: A time-to-failure (TTF) analysis of an integrated circuit due to electromigration (EM) effects is proposed. In the TTF analysis, a wire resistance increase that results in a circuit ...
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