We reflecton the current state of climate modeling and the future divergent paths that have been proposed for a step change that leverages different tools. We review the history of successful...

Climate models reliably capture many aspects of our global climate system. Models reproduce many important natural climate processes, including the seasonal and daily temperature …

Climate models require that the climate system be described in terms of physical variables such as temperature, pressure, clouds, wind, and solar radiation, variables that change with time …

Comprehensive presentation of the latest research of climate sciences referring to the question of climate change. The complete report is available under http:// www.ipcc.ch.

What is a Global Climate Model? A Global Climate Model is a mathematical representation of the major climate system components and their interactions. The model equations operate on a …

Global climate models (GCMs) rely on mathematical equations that describe the processes of Earth’s atmosphere, land, and ocean. Together, these mathematical equations create a model …

State-of-the-art climate models now include the interactive representations of the ocean, the atmosphere, the land, the hydrologic and cryospheric processes, terrestrial and oceanic …